Advanced PEO/SN/LLZTO artificial solid electrolyte interphase for long-cycling lithium metal batteries

• The artificial SEI integrates PEO, SN, and LLZTO to enhance ion transport and mechanical strength, enabling stable lithium plating/stripping for over 10,000 hours. • Competitive coordination between LLZTO and SN suppresses lithium anode corrosion and promotes the formation of LiF and Li3N-rich SEI layers. • In a LiFePO4 full cell, the modified anode delivers a discharge specific capacity of 133 mAh·g−1 with 97% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2C. • The artificial SEI maintains excellent electrochemical performance even at low temperatures, broadening the operational range of lithium metal batteries.