• Bimetallic catalysts overcome limitations of single-metal catalysts by altering electronic structure and creating novel active sites, enhancing CO2 reduction performance.
• The review systematically covers synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and catalytic mechanisms for both atomically dispersed and non-atomic bimetallic catalysts.
• Synergistic effects between adjacent metal atoms optimize intermediate adsorption, improving selectivity and activity for desired products.
• Challenges such as competing hydrogen evolution and complex reaction pathways are addressed, guiding future catalyst design.