A novel frequency-protection interval adjustment method based on Doppler frequency offset pre-compensation for space-based Internet of Things

• The proposed Doppler frequency offset (DFO) pre-compensation method reduces the frequency-protection interval, achieving a 90–400× expansion in user access volume for space-based IoT. • Selecting appropriate message splits and transmission rates for DFO calculation can further increase user access by more than 45%. • The method directly addresses spectrum scarcity and low utilization by enhancing spectrum utilization efficiency under restricted frequency resources. • This scheme offers a practical solution for massive terminal user access, supporting the large-scale deployment of space-based Internet of Things.