Journal of Advanced Ceramics•2026•DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2026.9221349
Polymer-derived SiC-based ceramic fibrous membranes are lightweight, thermally stable electromagnetic wave absorbers, but simultaneously achieving strong attenuation and good impedance matching remains difficult due to limited control over phase composition and dielectric behavior. This work prepares multiphase SiC-based fibrous membranes by electrospinning combined with polycarbosilane (PCS)-derived ceramic conversion. Phase evolution, fiber morphology, dielectric response, and electromagnetic wave absorption are regulated by tuning PCS content and pyrolysis temperature. Advanced characterization confirms a heterogeneous β-SiC/SiOxCy/carbon multiphase structure with good flexibility, providing abundant polarization centers, moderate conductive pathways, and multiple reflection sites, thereby balancing impedance matching and dielectric loss. The sample with 1.4 g PCS pyrolyzed at 1400 °C achieves a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −27.12 dB at 2.2 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.22 GHz at 2.7 mm, covering 9.78–18 GHz. Radar cross-section simulation verifies electromagnetic scattering suppression of the optimized fibrous ceramic coating. This study provides a strategy for tailoring phase composition and dielectric behavior in polymer-derived SiC-based fibrous membranes for broadband electromagnetic wave absorption.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02008-4
Sodium-based dual-ion batteries (SDIBs) have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost, environmental benignancy, and high operating voltage. However, the sluggish ion kinetics of conventional carbon anodes that cannot match the fast capacitive anion intercalation behavior of graphite cathodes constraints on improving power density of SDIBs. Herein, we present an ingenious carbon microdomain engineering strategy to fabricate high-performance carbon anode with ion-mediated high-activity nitrogen species and molecular-scale closed-pore architectures. Experimental characterizations and theoretical investigations demonstrate that Zn2+-mediated structural engineering tailors oxidized nitrogen species, which proficiently accelerate the sodium-ion desolvation kinetics; meanwhile the acetate-mediated pore-forming process modulates closed pores, which synergistically afford abundant sodium storage sites for high plateau-region capacity. As a result, the optimized microdomain engineered carbon material (MEC3) tailored with the optimal amount of zinc acetate demonstrates an outstanding plateau-region capacity of 253 mAh g−1 even at 1 C, among the highest reported values. Consequently, the MEC3||expanded graphite dual-ion battery exhibits an unprecedented cycling stability at high current rate, maintaining 80.6% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C, among the best reports. This microdomain engineering strategy provides a new design principle for overcoming kinetic limitations of carbonaceous materials in plateau-dominated sodium storage systems.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01835-9
Radiative cooling is a passive thermal management strategy that leverages the natural ability of materials to dissipate heat through infrared radiation. It has significant implications for energy efficiency, climate adaptation, and sustainable technology development, with applications in personal thermal management, building temperature regulation, and aerospace engineering. However, radiative cooling performance is susceptible to environmental aging and special environmental conditions, limiting its applicability in extreme environments. Herein, a critical review of extreme environmental radiative cooling is presented, focusing on enhancing environmental durability and cooling efficiency. This review first introduces the design principles of heat exchange channels, which are tailored based on the thermal flow equilibrium to optimize radiative cooling capacity in various extreme environments. Subsequently, recent advancements in radiative cooling materials and micro-nano structures that align with these principles are systematically discussed, with a focus on their implementation in terrestrial dwelling environments, terrestrial extreme environments, aeronautical environments, and space environments. Moreover, this review evaluates the cooling effects and anti-environmental abilities of extreme radiative cooling devices. Lastly, key challenges hindering the development of radiative cooling devices for extreme environmental applications are outlined, and potential strategies to overcome these limitations are proposed, aiming to prompt their future commercialization.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01801-5
Metal–carbon dioxide (CO2) batteries hold great promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage techniques due to their efficiency advantages in CO2 recovery and conversion. Moreover, rechargeable nonaqueous metal–CO2 batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the stability issues of the electrode–electrolyte interfaces of nonaqueous metal–CO2 (lithium (Li)/sodium (Na)/potassium (K)–CO2) batteries have been troubling its development, and a large number of related research in the field of electrolytes have conducted in recent years. This review retraces the short but rapid research history of nonaqueous metal–CO2 batteries with a detailed electrochemical mechanism analysis. Then it focuses on the basic characteristics and design principles of electrolytes, summarizes the latest achievements of various types of electrolytes in a timely manner and deeply analyzes the construction strategies of stable electrode–electrolyte interfaces for metal–CO2 batteries. Finally, the key issues related to electrolytes and interface engineering are fully discussed and several potential directions for future research are proposed. This review enriches a comprehensive understanding of electrolytes and interface engineering toward the practical applications of next-generation metal–CO2 batteries.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01790-5
Low ionic conductivity is a major obstacle for polymer solid-state electrolytes. In response to this issue, a design concept of enhanced regional electric potential difference (EREPD) is proposed to modulate the interaction of nanofillers with other components in the composite polymer solid-state electrolytes (CPSEs). While ensuring the periodic structure of the graphdiyne (GDY) backbone, methoxy-substituted GDY (OGDY) is prepared by an asymmetric substitution strategy, which increases the electric potential differences within each repeating unit of GDY. The staggered distributed electron-rich regions and electron-deficient regions on the two-dimensional plane of OGDY increase the free Li+ concentration through Lewis acid–base pair interaction. The adjacent ERRs and EDRs form uniformly distributed EREPDs, creating a continuous potential gradient that synergistically facilitates the efficient migration of Li+. Impressively, the OGDY/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) exhibits a high ionic conductivity (1.1 × 10−3 S cm−1) and ion mobility number (0.71). In addition, the accelerated Li+ migration promotes the formation of uniform and dense SEI layers and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. As a proof of concept, Li||Li symmetric cell and Li||LiFePO4 full cell and pouch cell assembled with OGDY/PEO exhibit good performance, highlighting the effectiveness of our EREPD design strategy for improving CPSEs performance.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25110004
The 193 nm deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser is crucial for advanced semiconductor manufacturing, micro-nano material characterization, and biomedical analysis due to its high spatial resolution and short wavelength. Currently, ArF excimer gas lasers dominate DUV lithography, but alternative approaches based on infrared solid-state lasers suffer from complexity and low efficiency. Direct frequency doubling of long-wavelength ultraviolet (UVA) semiconductor lasers using DUV nonlinear optical crystals offers a promising alternative. However, practical implementation has been challenging due to limited availability of high-quality UVA laser diodes and DUV crystals with balanced properties. In this study, we demonstrate the first realization of a 193 nm DUV laser via direct frequency doubling of a GaN-based UVA laser diode using a high-quality fluorooxoborate crystal NH4B4O6F (ABF). Two UVA laser diodes emitting at 386 nm and 394 nm were used, generating 193 nm and 197 nm DUV emission, respectively. The experimental setup comprised a GaN-based UVA laser diode, an ABF crystal for frequency doubling, and a prism for spectral separation. Our results confirm the technical feasibility of this approach, opening a novel pathway toward compact, stable, and efficient 193 nm laser sources with substantial application potential in advanced semiconductor manufacturing, including DUV lithography monitoring, wafer inspection, and defect analysis.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3026-1
To address the limitations associated with conventional Fenton processes, which often exhibit a restricted pH range and present challenges in terms of catalyst recovery and second pollutant, magnetic heterogeneous halloysite (HNT)/MnFe2O4 catalysts were optimally synthesized, which could achieve 90% removal efficiency for 50 mg/L methylene blue (MB) at pH 4–10 and have high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) utilization efficiencies. In addition, the catalysts could be easily separated from a solution through magnetic separation. The degradation efficiency of MB exhibited remarkable resilience against common aqueous interferents with anions (NO3−, Cl−, SO4^2−, CO3^2−, HCO3−) and humic acid, demonstrating negligible inhibitory effects. Notably, carbonate species (CO3^2− and HCO3−) even elicited a promotional effect on the catalytic process. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of MB only decreased by less than 10% in the fifth cycle compared with that of a fresh catalyst. Furthermore, the HNT/MnFe2O4 catalyst effectively degraded various organic pollutants, such as benzohydroxamic acid, xanthate, and eosin Y. The excellent catalytic performance of the catalysts was attributed to the synergistic effects between HNT and MnFe2O4. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and quenching experiments indicated that the main reactive oxygen species that participated in the degradation process were ·OH and ·O2−. ·OH directly attacked MB molecules, and ·O2− accelerated the reduction of metal ions. Therefore, the catalysts showed considerable potential for organic pollutant degradation. This study provides valuable insights into the synthesis of novel catalysts and their practical applications in organic wastewater purification.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3057-7
To advance the precise regulation and high-value utilization of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), this work systematically investigated five treatment strategies, including calcination, acid treatment, alkali treatment, acid treatment of calcined HNTs, and alkali treatment of calcined HNTs, to modulate their structural and application properties. The structural characteristics, surface properties, and methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity of HNTs under multiple treatments were systematically analyzed. Calcination at varying temperatures modified the crystal structure, morphology, and surface properties of HNTs, with higher calcination temperatures reducing their reactivity towards MB. Moderate acid treatment expanded the lumen and decreased the surface potential of HNTs, significantly enhancing MB adsorption capacity. In contrast, alkali treatment dispersed the multilayered walls of HNTs and raised surface potential, reducing MB affinity. Acid treatment of calcined HNTs effectively increased their specific surface areas by leaching most of Al while maintaining the tubular structure, thereby maximizing MB adsorption. Alkali treatment of calcined HNTs destroyed the tubular structure and resulted in poor MB adsorption. HNTs pre-calcined at 600°C for 3 h and acid-treated at 60°C for 8 h exhibited an optimal specific surface area of 443 m2·g−1 and an MB adsorption capacity of 190 mg·g−1. Kinetic and Arrhenius equation fittings indicated that chemical reactions control interactions of acids and alkalis with HNTs. This study provides a comprehensive comparison and analysis of five treatment methods, offering insights into regulating the structures and surface properties of HNTs by controlling the treatment condition, thereby laying a foundation for their efficient utilization in practical applications.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2987-4
High-performance and low-cost anode materials are critical for superior sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, high-yield porous carbon nanofiber (CNF) anode materials (named CNFs@Cu–Ni) are prepared by chemical vapor deposition using a specialized nanoporous Cu–Ni alloy catalyst. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Ni incorporation results in a shift of the d-band center of the catalyst from −2.34157 to −1.93682 eV. This phenomenon elucidates the remarkable adsorption capacity of the Cu–Ni catalyst toward C2H2, thereby facilitating the catalytic growth of high-performance CNFs. With this approach, a superior yield of 258.6% for deposited carbon is reached after growth for 1 h. The CNFs@Cu–Ni anode presents an outstanding discharge capacity of 193.6 mAh·g−1 at 1.0 A·g−1 over 1000 cycles and an exceptional rate capability by maintaining a capacity of 158.9 mAh·g−1 even at 5.0 A·g−1 in an ether-based electrolyte. It also exhibits excellent performance in the CNFs@Cu–Ni//NVP full battery attributed to the presence of abundant Na+ adsorption sites on its surface. This study presents a new concept for the advancement of high-performance carbonaceous electrodes for SIBs.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01577-0
Harvesting the immense and renewable osmotic energy with reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology shows great promise in dealing with the ever-growing energy crisis. One key challenge is to improve the output power density with improved trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity. Herein, polyelectrolyte hydrogels (channel width, 2.2 nm) with inherent high ion conductivity have been demonstrated to enable excellent selective ion transfer when confined in cylindrical anodized aluminum pore with lateral size even up to the submillimeter scale (radius, 0.1 mm). The membrane permeability of the anti-swelling hydrogel can also be further increased with cellulose nanofibers. With real seawater and river water, the output power density of a three-chamber cell on behalf of repeat unit of RED system can reach up to 8.99 W m−2 (per unit total membrane area), much better than state-of-the-art membranes. This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ion-selective membranes, owning broad application prospects in the fields of osmotic energy collection, electrodialysis, flow battery and so on.