Railway Engineering Science (铁道工程科学)•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40534-025-00404-5
Interlayer degradation in heavy-haul railway (HHR) bridges under rising axle loads and transport volumes threatens structural safety. Traditional visual inspection and fixed-sensor structural health monitoring are impractical for large bridge inventories. This paper proposes a drive-by inspection methodology that combines vertical axle box acceleration (ABA) with hybrid filtering for rapid interlayer damage detection in multi-span HHR bridges. The framework introduces a Hilbert-transform-based instantaneous amplitude quartic index (IAQI) to enhance damage localization accuracy. The hybrid filtering integrates bandpass filtering targeting sleeper-passing frequency components to suppress track irregularity effects, and a statistical diagnostic tool to discriminate interlayer damage from sleeper-related driving components. Numerical analyses and a field test on an 18-span, 609.5-m simply supported HHR bridge validate the method. Results demonstrate effective detection under combined beam damage, irregularity, and noise. The field test identified five interlayer damage locations requiring on-site confirmation. The method offers a new strategy to improve inspection efficiency and ensure operational safety of HHR bridges.
Nano Research•2026•DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908686
Corrosion and icing critically threaten the service safety of magnesium (Mg) alloys in aerospace and transportation industries. Although superhydrophobic coatings offer effective anti-corrosion and anti-icing functions, they are limited by susceptibility to failure due to physical damage or capillary condensation. Here, a multifunctional integrated coating (SAAS) is reported, which endows coated Mg alloys with excellent superhydrophobicity, active anti-corrosion performance, anti-icing properties, and fast self-healing capabilities. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified and intercalated with sodium laurate (La) acts as nanoreservoirs, releasing La corrosion inhibitors via an anion-exchange process to retard corrosion. Incorporation of MXene provides full-spectrum high absorption and efficient photothermal conversion, achieving a surface temperature of 61 °C under 1.0 sun illumination, which prevents adhesion and accumulation of supercooled droplets. Near-infrared (NIR) irradiation induces macromolecular chain migration and phase transition, enabling fast self-healing of coating damage. The SAAS coating exhibits a water contact angle of 153°, a corrosion current density of 1.294 × 10⁻⁹ A·cm⁻² (four orders of magnitude lower than bare Mg alloy), an icing delay time approximately 23 times longer than the substrate, and a healing rate of about 0.34 cm·s⁻¹ under NIR. This study provides a novel strategy for enhancing aircraft skin durability and offers insights into multifunctional coating design.
Nano Research•2026•DOI: 10.26599/FRICT.2026.9441261
The degradation of the tribological performance of WS2 in humid environments represents a persistent scientific and practical challenge, limiting its application scope despite its excellent lubricity in inert atmospheres. While the superior moisture tolerance of WSe2 has been recognized, the fundamental atomic-scale mechanisms governing this difference remain inadequately understood. This work addresses this critical knowledge gap by revealing that this disparity originates from the distinct hydrogen bond strengths formed at the material–water interface. Through integrated density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental validation, we quantitatively demonstrate that water molecules form significantly weaker O–H···Se hydrogen bonds with WSe2 (bond lengths: 3.02–3.25 Å) compared to O–H···S bonds with WS2 (2.80–2.98 Å). This fundamental difference manifests functionally as a 35% lower interlayer sliding energy barrier for WSe2 under humid conditions, providing the first atomistic explanation for its sustained lubricity. Leveraging this mechanistic insight, we propose and validate a novel materials design strategy: selectively doping the WS2 lattice with selenium to engineer its interfacial chemistry. The developed W–S–Se coating exhibits remarkable performance, achieving an 18% reduction in the coefficient of friction and a 78% decrease in the wear rate at 40% RH compared to pristine WS2. Extensive characterization confirms the formation of a reoriented, crystalline transfer layer with insignificant oxidation. This study establishes a new paradigm for solid lubricant design, shifting the focus from conventional microstructure optimization toward direct atomic-level engineering of interfacial water interactions, opening avenues for developing advanced lubricants operable across diverse environmental conditions.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25030001
In DSP-based SerDes application, it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better signal for ADC and DSP. To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitter configurations, this paper presents a 112 Gbps DSP-Based PAM4 SerDes receiver with a wide band equalization tuning AFE. The AFE is realized by implementing source degeneration transconductance, feedforward high-pass branch and inductive feedback peaking TIA. The AFE offers a flexible equalization gain tuning of up to 17.5 dB at Nyquist frequency without affecting the DC gain. With the proposed AFE, the receiver demonstrates eye opening after digital FIR equalization and achieves 6 × 10−9 BER with a 29.6 dB insertion loss channel.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25060004
A high-sensitivity, low-noise single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector was presented based on a 180 nm BCD process. The proposed device utilizes a p-implant layer/high-voltage n-well (HVNW) junction to form a deep avalanche multiplication region for near-infrared (NIR) sensitivity enhancement. By optimizing the device size and electric field of the guard ring, the fill factor (FF) is significantly improved, further increasing photon detection efficiency (PDE). To solve the dark noise caused by the increasing active diameter, a field polysilicon gate structure connected to the p+ anode was investigated, effectively suppressing dark count noise by 76.6%. It is experimentally shown that when the active diameter increases from 5 to 10 μm, the FF is significantly improved from 20.7% to 39.1%, and thus the peak PDE also rises from 13.3% to 25.8%. At an excess bias voltage of 5 V, a NIR photon detection probability (PDP) of 6.8% at 905 nm, a dark count rate (DCR) of 2.12 cps/μm2, an afterpulsing probability (AP) of 1.2%, and a timing jitter of 216 ps are achieved, demonstrating excellent single photon detection performance.