• Transparent sand made of fused quartz and refractive index-matched oil exhibits dynamic characteristics similar to natural sands, validating its use in dynamic model tests.
• Higher initial shear stress ratios, lower relative densities, and higher cyclic stress ratios accelerate cyclic deformation, pore pressure buildup, and stiffness degradation.
• Cyclic liquefaction resistance decreases with increasing initial shear stress ratio or decreasing relative density, and both Booker and power law models accurately predict pore pressure.
• Transparent sand shows comparable cyclic liquefaction resistance and Kα correction factor to natural sands, supporting its application in visualizing internal soil behavior under seismic loading.