Thermal conductivity of hydrate and effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediment

• Comprehensive review of experimental measurements and temperature dependence of hydrate thermal conductivity. • Analysis of key factors affecting effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of hydrate-bearing sediment, including porosity, hydrate saturation, and phase change. • Overview of modeling approaches for predicting ETC, highlighting the need for accurate models. • Emphasis on the critical role of thermal conductivity in natural gas hydrate exploitation efficiency and reservoir stability.