The use of carbon-based particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrode reactors for wastewater treatment

• Three-dimensional electrode reactors with carbon-based particle electrodes offer high catalytic efficiency and low energy consumption for wastewater treatment. • Carbon-based materials are preferred due to their large specific surface area, good adsorption, high chemical stability, and low cost. • The review summarizes recent research on degrading organic pollutants using carbon-based particle electrodes. • Challenges for future development include material optimization and scale-up for practical applications.