• A new high-strength, large-elongation energy-absorbing material reduced the rockburst energy release rate of anchored rock by more than 80% compared to unanchored basic rock.
• Under strain rockburst and impact rockburst conditions, energy-absorbing bolts exhibited strength utilization rates of 73.3% and 61.2%, with a sudden force increase at rockburst onset.
• Energy-absorbing anchoring raised the peak stress of rock to 2.2 and 2.5 times the uniaxial compressive strength, requiring rockburst energy of 396.0 and 478.4 kJ/m3 for strain and impact conditions, respectively.
• The findings provide quantitative criteria for designing energy-absorbing bolt supports in burst-prone deep underground engineering, significantly mitigating rockburst hazards.