Structural engineering of MXenes towards high electrochemical performance in supercapacitors

• MXenes exhibit superior electrical conductivity and chemical tunability compared to traditional electrode materials, making them highly promising for supercapacitors. • The main challenge is balancing high volumetric capacitance with rapid ion transport, as modification strategies often increase ion channels but reduce packing density. • The review covers recent preparation methods and modification strategies aimed at achieving both high volumetric capacitance and high ion transport for applications in wearable and microdevices. • Structural engineering of MXenes is critical to overcome stacking issues and enhance rate performance and electrochemical activity.