Simulation Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Continuous Synthesis Process of 3-Amino-4-aminoximiofurazan

• • Optimal heat exchange medium flow rate is 2–3.5 kg·h⁻¹ for a 0.01 m diameter, 5 m long channel reactor producing AAOF at 2 kg·h⁻¹, ensuring effective heat removal while maintaining process temperature above 100 °C. • • Flow rates below 0.1 kg·h⁻¹ cause outlet temperature to exceed 120 °C, approaching the onset decomposition temperature of 121.7 °C, posing a high risk of thermal runaway; thus, a safety interlock is recommended below this threshold. • • Flow rates above 4.5 kg·h⁻¹ cool the system below 100 °C, failing to meet the required process temperature, indicating a narrow operational window for safe and efficient production. • • The study establishes a two-level safety threshold: at 1 kg·h⁻¹, heat balance begins to destabilize, triggering alarms; below 0.1 kg·h⁻¹, automatic emergency shutdown is activated, demonstrating a proactive thermal safety management strategy.