Review on MXenes-Based Electrocatalysts for High-Energy-Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

• High-sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions are critical for achieving high energy density in lithium–sulfur batteries, but they introduce significant challenges such as polysulfide shuttling and slow kinetics. • MXenes-based electrocatalysts, with metallic conductivity and abundant active sites, effectively enhance sulfur redox reactions and lithium plating/stripping behavior. • Optimization strategies for MXenes include d-band center tuning, internal electric field construction, single-atom seeding, and cocktail effects, which improve catalytic activity and battery performance. • The review establishes structure–activity relationships between MXenes-based electrocatalysts and LSB performance, guiding future design for practical applications.