Research on movement and fracture laws of overlying strata in fully mechanized top-coal caving faces within shallow-buried weathered and oxidized zones

• Weathering and oxidation significantly degrade the strength and increase plastic deformation of coal-rock masses, compromising structural stability. • Mining-induced stress redistribution creates concentration zones ahead of the coal wall and at face ends, leading to roof and rib failures. • Overlying strata exhibit four distinct deformation-failure stages: bed separation, immediate roof fracture, main roof fracture, and high-level strata collapse. • The findings provide a scientific basis for safe and efficient mining in weathered and oxidized zones, guiding support design and roof management.