Recent progress on the use of lignin-based porous carbon in supercapacitors

• Lignin-based porous carbons exhibit large specific surface area, easy doping, and high conductivity, making them promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. • Various synthesis strategies including chemical/physical activation, hydrothermal, and soft/hard template methods are employed to tailor pore structure and surface chemistry. • Modification with heteroatoms, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and conductive polymers enhances electrochemical performance and ion storage mechanisms. • Challenges remain in optimizing specific capacity and energy density; future research should focus on overcoming limitations of existing technologies.