Recent Progress of Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Composite Materials for Monitoring Physical, Physiological, and Body Fluid Signals

• This work reviews recent advancements in electrospun nanofiber-based composite materials for monitoring physical, physiological, and body fluid signals, with a particular focus on the design strategies of nanofiber-based composites. • The electrospinning technologies, nanofiber morphologies, fabrication of nanofiber membranes, and the integration of nanofibers with materials such as hydrogels, aerogels, or metals are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. • The current challenges and future prospects of nanofiber-based composite materials for human monitoring are discussed and analyzed. • The review highlights the development of multimodal sensors capable of responding to diverse stimuli, focusing on innovative strategies for decoupling multiple signals and their state-of-the-art advancements.