Real-time monitoring and analysis of hydraulic fracturing in surface well using microseismic technology: Case insights and methodological advances

• Microseismic monitoring reveals significant heterogeneity in fracture propagation across different fracturing sections in surface well hydraulic fracturing. • Cumulative energy release varies widely (240–1060 J) across sections, correlating with fracture network complexity and stimulation effectiveness. • Sections No. 1 and No. 8 exhibit the best performance with high MS event density, extensive fracture networks, and significant energy release, while Sections No. 4 and No. 5 show poor connectivity. • The study provides methodological advances in real-time monitoring and analysis of hydraulic fracturing using microseismic technology, including energy scanning and SRV assessment.