• Rockburst occurs only when geostress exceeds a critical threshold, with key influencing factors being geostress, rock brittleness, uniaxial compressive strength, and excavation size.
• Support devices control rockburst by suppressing the squeezing evolution of surrounding rock toward instability points, with higher strength and longer impact stroke facilitating multiple balance points.
• Long impact stroke supports adapt to varying geostress levels, enhancing rockburst control effectiveness.
• The design criterion for supports is the intersection of the surrounding rock convergence curve and the support squeezing deformation curve, providing a quantitative method for support design.