• Comprehensive summary of the effects of size, structure, and stability of MOFs on proton conduction.
• Critical discussion of advanced strategies for constructing proton-conducting MOFs, including charged network construction, ligand functionalization, and defect engineering.
• Thorough analysis of proton conduction mechanisms and behavior in MOFs, highlighting structure-property relationships.
• Outlook on challenges and opportunities for developing novel proton-conducting MOFs for practical applications in fuel cells and energy devices.