• The proposed open–closed circuit integrated pump-valve collaborative drive system reduces throttling losses by 90.4–94.4% and energy consumption by 45.9–50.0% compared to traditional load-sensing systems.
• The system achieves a 29.4% reduction in installed power compared to traditional pump-controlled multi-actuator systems, lowering costs and improving power density.
• The valve-controlled unit provides the majority of energy (77.2%) while the pump-controlled units handle individual actuator motions, enabling high efficiency and flexibility.
• The proposed system is particularly suitable for electric construction machinery and heavy equipment with multiple actuators, addressing the need for energy-efficient and high-power-density solutions.