• An optoelectronic synapse based on IGZO/Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 heterojunction is proposed, capable of simulating multiple synaptic behaviors under UV light stimulation.
• The device demonstrates key plasticity functions including paired-pulse facilitation, spike-intensity/number/width-dependent plasticity, and short-term to long-term memory transition.
• A 3×3 retinal morphology synapse array integrates light perception and storage, with adaptive adjustment to mitigate image blurring from object movement.
• In CNN recognition training, the device successfully emulates the human brain's learning−relearning mechanism, showing potential for artificial vision systems.