• Introduction of MoS2 into MXene/ANF composites achieves a 'kill three birds with one stone' effect: lubrication toughening, reduced secondary EM reflection, and enhanced photothermal conversion.
• For MXene/ANF (60:40) with MoS2, strain and toughness increase by 53.5% and 61.7%, respectively, while SER decreases by 22.4% and photothermal conversion improves by 22.2%.
• The ternary composite films exhibit excellent EMI shielding effectiveness up to 43.9 dB, along with rapid electric heating (15 s) and long-term stability (2520 s).
• This work provides a strategy to balance mechanical properties and multifunctionality in high-filler composites for industrial EMI shielding applications.