Modifying the pore structure of biomass-derived porous carbon for use in energy storage systems

• Biomass-derived porous carbons (BDPCs) offer tunable pore structures, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness, making them promising electrode materials for energy storage systems. • A balanced distribution of micropores, mesopores, and macropores is critical for optimizing electrochemical performance in BDPCs. • The intrinsic components of biomass precursors (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) significantly influence pore formation during carbonization, enabling tailored pore structures. • Future research directions include establishing a biomass intrinsic structure database and employing machine learning-assisted pore structure engineering to design high-performance carbon materials.