• A novel microseismic source location method integrates particle swarm optimization with multi-sensor arrays, adaptively weighting P-wave arrivals to enhance accuracy.
• The method reduces location error by up to 97.51% in synthetic tests with high noise, and by 48.95%, 26.40%, and 55.84% in pencil-lead break experiments on rock surfaces.
• In mining applications, dual sensor arrays jointed method lowers average location error by 54.32% and 14.29% compared to single arrays, demonstrating robustness and practical value.
• The approach offers a compelling solution for accurate microseismic monitoring in deep mining, improving risk assessment and stability evaluation.