Investigation on the Ice Load on a Cylinder Vertically Breaking through Model Ice Sheet from Underneath

• Experimental tests in CSSRC SIMB revealed that a cylinder breaking upward through an ice sheet generates local radial and circumferential cracks centered at the loading position. • A numerical model using LS-DYNA was developed and validated against experimental data, enabling parametric studies on ice thickness and upward speed. • Ice load on the cylinder is significantly influenced by ice thickness and upward speed, with thicker ice and higher speeds leading to increased peak loads. • The study provides a measurement method for ice load during vertical ice-breaking and offers insights for the safety design of underwater structures in ice-covered waters.