Investigation of aerodynamic shape optimization of cross-sectional body of high-speed train

• Aerodynamic optimization of high-speed train cross-sections reduces drag by 2.4% in both windless and windy conditions. • In windy conditions, the aerodynamic lateral force on the leading car is reduced by 37.8%. • A flat and wide cross-sectional shape lowers aerodynamic drag and lateral loads. • The Kriging surrogate model combined with genetic algorithm effectively optimizes train body shapes.