• Thin-walled coring bits outperform conventional thick-walled bits for deep lunar regolith sampling, with Bit D showing optimal performance.
• An operational feed-to-rotation ratio (FRR) window of 2.0–2.5 balances drilling load and core recovery rate.
• A novel theoretical framework for dynamic drilling load parameters was developed and experimentally validated.
• Practical strategies for mitigating drilling-induced disturbances include parameter optimization and bit structural improvements.