• Low surface layer slurry temperatures (10-18°C) cause poor coating and wax pattern expansion/contraction, leading to shell mold damage and surface defects in ZTC4 titanium alloy castings.
• At 22°C, the surface layer slurry coats uniformly, preventing shell mold rupture and ensuring good integrity, which effectively isolates the reactive titanium melt from the shell material.
• The second layer shell materials (SiO2, Al2O3) can infiltrate cracks in the surface layer and react with molten titanium, forming surface cracks and holes.
• Maintaining slurry temperature consistent with wax pattern and workshop temperature (22°C) is critical for producing smooth, defect-free titanium alloy castings.