Harmonic Impedance Studies of Swedish Railway Power System Using Wide-Area Modeling Approach

• • Filters installed at TCS nodes introduce resonances between the 10th and 25th harmonics, with amplification factors exceeding five times at specific locations, necessitating precise filter placement to avoid harmonic amplification and equipment damage. • • Monte Carlo simulations reveal that uncertainties in moving loads and rolling stock units cause variations in resonance frequency and magnitude, requiring probabilistic assessment for robust system planning. • • Wide-area modeling is essential as distant network sections influence harmonic impedance, with continuous power supply causing interactions beyond local TPSS, impacting overall system stability. • • Resonance amplification varies by location along the track, with some harmonic components showing amplification factors above five times, highlighting the need for location-specific mitigation strategies to prevent protection failures and thermal stress.