Fragility analysis of canyon-crossing bridges considering the near-source canyon topographic effect

• Peak ground velocity (PGV) is identified as the optimal intensity measure for seismic fragility analysis of canyon-crossing bridges under near-source canyon topographic effects. • The near-source canyon topographic effect (NCTE) significantly increases the damage probability of canyon-crossing bridges, particularly affecting side bearings and side piers on the illuminated canyon side. • A probabilistic framework using performance-based seismic assessment provides a holistic view of ground motion uncertainties, overcoming limitations of deterministic approaches. • The study offers critical insights for seismic design and risk assessment of bridges in mountainous regions with active faults, enhancing post-disaster resilience.