Experimental study and creep constitutive modeling for 2219 aluminum alloy under tension and compression conditions

• Tensile creep deformation exceeds compressive creep in 2219 aluminum alloy at 165°C, with compressive creep rate increasing more significantly at higher stress levels. • Compressive stress creep-ageing yields higher strength than stress-free ageing, while tensile ageing results in the lowest strength, highlighting the influence of stress state on mechanical properties. • Precipitate orientation is stress-dependent: tensile stress aligns precipitates parallel to stress, compressive stress perpendicular, with orientation becoming more pronounced over time. • A unified physics-based constitutive model accurately predicts creep-ageing behavior under both tension and compression, enabling precise forming of complex components.