• Higher water driving pressure exacerbates the deterioration of dynamic compressive strength with increasing temperature, while enhancing rate dependence except at 600 °C.
• A prediction model for dynamic compressive strength deterioration considering reservoir temperature and water driving pressure is proposed for geothermal reservoirs.
• Crack density increases with temperature and water driving pressure, exhibiting multiscale failure cracks parallel to the loading direction.
• The study provides implications for wellbore stability under drilling disturbance and design of repeated dynamic hydraulic fracturing in geothermal development.