• Optimal single-stage aging at 120°C for 24h yields UTS of 523 MPa, YS of 482 MPa, and elongation of 1.75%.
• Double-stage aging (120°C/24h + 150°C/52h) significantly improves ductility to 4.17% elongation but reduces strength.
• Increasing solution time dissolves strengthening phases, reducing hardness and coarsening grains.
• TEM reveals that longer second-stage aging enlarges grain size, precipitate spacing, and precipitate-free zone width.
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