Dynamic response of train in wind-train-bridge coupling based on bridges with different structural systems

• First systematic comparison of train dynamic response across suspension, cable-stayed, and cable-stayed-suspension collaborative system bridges under wind-train-bridge coupling. • Safety and smoothness indicators rank consistently: cable-stayed-suspension collaborative system bridge > cable-stayed bridge > suspension bridge, regardless of wind barrier presence. • A 3.0 m wind barrier has negligible effect on speed thresholds at low wind speeds (≤15 m/s) but increases thresholds at high wind speeds (≥20 m/s). • Provides critical wind speed thresholds and performance ratings essential for the design and operation of ultra-long-span dual-purpose highway-railway bridges.