Dynamic response characteristics and failure mechanisms of a high-steep bedding rock slope under successive earthquakes in a high-seismic-intensity zone via discrete element method and shaking table tests

• Elevation amplifies seismic response more on slope surfaces than interiors, with weak interlayers exerting both magnifying and weakening effects depending on relative elevation. • Weak interlayers control the dynamic instability mode of high-steep bedding slopes, influencing fracture propagation and displacement patterns. • The dynamic instability process of slopes under successive earthquakes comprises three stages: fracture initiation (0–0.2g), fracture expansion (0.2g–0.3g), and sliding instability (0.3g–0.6g). • The combined discrete element method and shaking table tests provide a robust framework for assessing seismic stability and guiding reinforcement of complex slopes in high-seismic-intensity zones.