• A novel classification framework for stress adjustment types in high geostress hard rock tunnels: stabilizing, shallow failure, and deep failure, each with distinct stages.
• A dynamic interpretation technology system based on microseismic monitoring integrates key parameters (EI, apparent stress, activity) and source parameter clustering to identify stress adjustment types and failure precursors.
• The methodology successfully detected 50 disaster risk instances in the Grand Canyon Tunnel, demonstrating its practical applicability.
• The study provides criteria and procedures for identifying stress adjustment types and associated risks, offering insights for comparable high geostress tunnels.