Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• A novel constant resistance and energy absorption (CREA) material with high strength, high elongation, and high energy absorption was developed for rockburst control. • CREA anchored rock significantly reduces energy release during rockbursts: total, average, and maximum energy decreased by 30.9%, 94.3%, and 84.4% compared to common bolt anchored rock. • CREA anchoring increases rockburst peak stress by 39.9% and delays rockburst occurrence by 53.2% relative to unanchored rock. • The control mechanism of CREA support units on dynamic rock failure is clarified based on a rockburst energy calculation model.
Abstract
With resource exploitation and engineering construction gradually going deeper, the surrounding rock dynamic disaster becomes frequent and violent. The anchorage support is a common control method of surrounding rock in underground engineering. To study the dynamic damage characteristics of anchored rock and the energy absorption control mechanism of dynamic disasters, a new type of constant resistance and energy absorption (CREA) material with high strength, high elongation and high energy absorption characteristics is developed. A contrast test of rockbursts in anchored rock with different support materials is conducted. The test results show that the surface damage rates and energy release degree of anchored rock with common bolt (CB) and CREA are lower than those of unanchored rock, respectively. The total energy, average energy and maximum energy released by CREA anchored rock are 30.9%, 94.3% and 84.4% lower than those of CB anchored rock. Compared with unanchored rock, the rockburst peak stress in the CREA anchored rock is increased by 39.9%, and the rockburst time is delayed by 53.2%. Based on the rockburst energy calculation model, the evolution law of rockburst peak stress and energy release is investigated. The control mechanism of CREA support units on rock dynamic failure is clarified.
1. Introduction
As the development of mining, transportation, water conservancy and other important projects into the deep, rockburst disasters generally occur in the process of engineering construction. Rockburst is a nonlinear dynamic failure phenomenon of rock mass affected by various factors, which is characterized by suddenness and destructiveness [1,2]. The effective control of rockbursts is essential to ensure the safe and highly efficient construction of deep engineering. The study of the rockburst trigger mechanism and control technology is the precondition of rockburst prevention and control.
In the process of excavation and unloading of rock mass in deep engineering, local stress concentration is formed under the action of stress redistribution. Dynamic damage failure happens in rock as elastic strain energy accumulates to a certain level. Experimental investigations of the rockburst induced mechanisms are performed [3,4]. The true triaxial loading test of prefabricated circular hole cubic granite specimens was conducted by Gong et al. [5]. The rockburst process in the sidewall of the circular holes can be divided into four phases: the calm phase, the pellet ejection phase, the rock fragment exfoliation phase and the rock bursting phase. Through the biaxial loading test of prefabricated circular hole specimens, Kusui et al. [6] found that there are differences in the degree of rock damage when rockbursts occur under different vertical stress level conditions. Su et al. [7] analyzed the bursting process of specimens and the ejection velocity of fragments through the single-face rapid unloading rockburst test. Li et al. [8] used the true triaxial rockburst test device to carry out single-face and multi-face rapid unloading rockburst tests. When the number of unloading faces increases, the release rate of elastic strain energy at the bursting point is increased and the rockburst damage extent is more serious. Wang et al. [9] simulated a rockburst induced by excavation unloading in an artificially excavated elliptical hole in a sandstone specimen under triaxial loading. The above experimental researches reveal the mechanism of rockburst under the condition of rock excavation unloading. It is necessary to effectively control the rockburst disaster in deep engineering.
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Bei Jiang, Kunbo Wu, Qi Wang, Yetai Wang, Wenrui Wu, Yaoxia Feng, Yanbo Zhang (2024). Dynamic damage characteristics and control mechanism of rocks anchored by constant resistance and energy absorption material. SinoTechIntel Verified Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.12.005
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the constant resistance and energy absorption (CREA) material?
CREA is a new type of material developed for rockburst control, characterized by high strength, high elongation, and high energy absorption, used in anchoring systems to mitigate dynamic rock failures.
How does CREA anchoring affect rockburst energy release?
Compared to common bolt anchoring, CREA anchoring reduces total, average, and maximum energy released during rockbursts by 30.9%, 94.3%, and 84.4%, respectively, indicating superior energy absorption.
What are the benefits of using CREA material in rock support?
CREA material increases rockburst peak stress by 39.9% and delays rockburst occurrence by 53.2% compared to unanchored rock, enhancing safety in deep engineering.
What is the control mechanism of CREA support units?
The control mechanism involves the material's high energy absorption capacity, which dissipates strain energy and reduces dynamic damage, as clarified through a rockburst energy calculation model.
How was the study conducted?
The study involved developing CREA material and conducting contrast tests of rockbursts in anchored rock with different support materials (common bolt and CREA) compared to unanchored rock, analyzing damage rates, energy release, and peak stress.
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