Deformation warning and microseismicity assessment of collapse in fault development area of Yebatan Hydropower Station

• A multi-parameter deformation early warning model integrating deformation rate, rate increment, and tangential angle offers reliable precursors to collapse in fault-developed caverns. • Microseismic monitoring reveals high-frequency events clustered near faults during blasting, enabling real-time stability assessment of local cavern sections. • Combined MS monitoring and displacement measurements effectively capture the spatiotemporal evolution of collapse mechanisms in high-stress underground excavations. • The integrated approach provides a practical reference for risk warning and stability assessment in similar fault-developed hydropower cavern projects.