Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• High stress and soft/hard rock strata coupling expand the plastic zone and alter its shape, leading to arch shoulder deformation. • Decreased vertical distance of space staggered roadway and insufficient support bearing capacity exacerbate shoulder and side deformation. • A collaborative support strategy combining unloading control, strong support, and differential support effectively controls roadway deformation within 8% of section size. • The proposed optimization scheme significantly reduces plastic zone range, solving the difficult support problem in deep high-stress roadways.
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of large deformation of arch shoulder in deep high stress roadway of Hudi Coal Mine, through field sampling, experimental test and numerical simulation, the deformation mechanism of arch shoulder under the coupling action of high stress, soft and hard rock strata of roof, weakening of surrounding rock and disturbance of space staggered roadway was revealed. According to the research results, high-stress increases the range of the plastic zone, and the soft and hard rock strata change the expansion form of the plastic zone. With the decrease of the vertical distance of the space staggered roadway, the insufficient bearing capacity of the supporting material and other factors lead to the increase of the deformation of the shoulder angle and the side, forming the deformation characteristics of the arch shoulder. Based on this, the active and passive collaborative control technology is proposed, and the targeted support concept of "unloading control + strong support + collaborative" is adopted. The optimization scheme controls the deformation of roadway within 8% of the section size, significantly reduces the range of the plastic zone, and effectively solves the problem of difficult support of arch shoulder deformation.
1. Introduction
As the main energy source in China, coal has an important strategic position and a large mining demand. Therefore, the number of roadway excavations and the mining intensity of the working face are gradually increasing. At present, about 60%−72% of the coal in the shallow part has been mined, while about 79% of the resources in the kilometer-depth are still not mined. In the future, the focus of coal mining will gradually shift to the deep roadway, and the complex in-situ stress environment faced by deep mining is the main problem of roadway deformation and failure.
The stability of roadway surrounding rock is not only affected by the original geological state factors, such as ground stress, geological structure, and rock structure [1], but also affected by other factors such as surrounding engineering disturbance and roadway design, including roadway group layout and space staggered roadway [2, 3]. Therefore, the deformation and failure of the roadway show diversified characteristics. In the deep roadway with high-stress, due to the superposition of a high initial ground stress environment and mining stress, it often leads to the convergence and inward extrusion deformation of the side, roof subsidence and serious floor heave. The plastic zone of the surrounding rock expands greatly, and the original support failure appears as torsional deformation, diameter shrinkage and fracture. In the layered rock mass, some scholars simplified the roof as a beam structure, analyzed the inter-layer friction and stress transfer, and believed that the arched roadway was prone to damage and collapse at the arch shoulder. In the asymmetric load roadway, the distribution of the plastic zone shows asymmetric expansion, and the deformation of the shoulder and side is different.
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ZUO Jian-ping, ZHU Fan, LIU De-jun, WANG Jun (2026). Deformation characteristics of arch shoulder and collaborative support technology of concrete-filled steel tubes in Hudi Coal Mine. Journal of Central South University. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-026-6264-8
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Frequently Asked Questions
What causes arch shoulder deformation in deep high-stress roadways?
Arch shoulder deformation is caused by the coupling action of high stress, soft and hard rock strata of the roof, weakening of surrounding rock, and disturbance from space staggered roadways. High stress enlarges the plastic zone, while soft and hard rock strata alter its expansion form, leading to increased deformation at the shoulder and side.
How does the proposed collaborative support technology work?
The collaborative support technology combines active and passive control measures, following the concept of 'unloading control + strong support + collaborative'. It optimizes support design to control roadway deformation within 8% of the section size and significantly reduces the plastic zone range.
What are the key findings of the study?
The study reveals that high stress and soft/hard rock strata coupling expand the plastic zone and change its shape, leading to arch shoulder deformation. The proposed collaborative support scheme effectively controls deformation and reduces plastic zone expansion, solving the difficult support problem.
What methods were used in this research?
The research employed field sampling, experimental testing, and numerical simulation to analyze deformation mechanisms and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed support technology.
What is the significance of this study for coal mining?
This study provides a practical solution for controlling arch shoulder deformation in deep high-stress roadways, which is crucial for safe and efficient coal mining as operations move to greater depths.
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