• Current manufacturing cost of perovskite solar modules is calculated as 0.57 $ W−1, much higher than that of silicon solar cells.
• Cost effectivity analysis indicates that materials cost shares 70% of costs, while capital and other costs share nearly 15% each.
• Perovskite solar modules have the potential to outperform crystalline silicon under conditions of 25% efficiency, 25-year lifetime, and cost reduction of materials and equipment.
• To achieve this target, it is essential to refine fabrication processes, develop stable inorganic transport materials, and precisely control material formation at micro/nanoscale.