• • Laser surface melting with alternating magnetic field on magnesium alloy (Ref. [60]) significantly improves wear and corrosion resistance, with the magnetic field controlling microstructure and reducing defect density; this matters industrially for components exposed to sliding wear and corrosive environments, such as automotive transmission housings.
• • Broad-beam laser cladding of Al–Cu alloy on AZ91HP (Ref. [58]) produces a coating with enhanced microhardness and corrosion potential; the process achieves metallurgical bonding, but dilution from the substrate can compromise corrosion performance if not optimized, affecting durability in marine or deicing salt exposure.
• • Electroless nickel plating on AZ61 magnesium alloy (Ref. [56]) provides a uniform barrier layer, but pre-treatment and bath stability are critical; the coating reduces corrosion current density by orders of magnitude, yet galvanic coupling at pores can accelerate localized attack, requiring post-treatment sealing for automotive under-hood applications.
• • Laser surface modification of AZ91D (Ref. [62]) refines grain size and redistributes secondary phases, lowering corrosion rate; the refined microstructure reduces galvanic corrosion between α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 phases, which is essential for biomedical implants where degradation rate must be controlled to match tissue healing.