• A novel analytical model based on plate theory accurately predicts lateral deformation of internally braced diaphragm walls, overcoming limitations of complex numerical simulations and plane-strain assumptions.
• The proposed differential element moment balance method simplifies earth pressure calculation while accounting for excavation effects and multiple ground factors, enhancing practical applicability.
• Validation against field measurements and numerical simulations confirms the model's reliability, and parametric analysis identifies key influencing factors for design optimization.
• The analytical solution, using minimum potential energy and Ritz method, provides a design scheme for diaphragm walls under deformation control standards, facilitating efficient engineering practice.