• A novel method using natural tracers (e.g., rutile) and particle-based separation modeling quantifies true flotation recovery by separating entrainment from overall recovery.
• The approach eliminates the need for external tracers or unrealistic flotation conditions, providing a practical and accurate entrainment correction.
• In a copper ore case study, entrainment contributed up to 6% of the overall recovery probability for fine, fully liberated chalcopyrite particles.
• The method enables more precise evaluation of flotation performance, aiding in process optimization and control.