All-Weather 3D Self-Folding Fabric for Adaptive Personal Thermoregulation

• An innovative 3D self-folding fabric was fabricated by knitting technology to achieve dual thermoregulation modes through architectural reconfiguration between 3D and 2D states. • In the warming mode, the fabric retains its natural 3D structure, providing high thermal resistance (0.06 m2 K W−1) by trapping still air. In the cooling mode, it transitions to a 2D flat state with coatings of thermal radiative management materials, achieving a cooling effect of 4.3 °C under sunlight by enhancing solar reflectivity and infrared emissivity, while reducing thermal resistance. • The fabric demonstrates exceptional durability and washability, enduring over 1000 folding cycles, and is manufactured using scalable and cost-effective knitting techniques. • The fabric exhibits excellent breathability, sweat management, and flexibility, ensuring wear comfort and tactile feel under diverse conditions, making it suitable for wearable technology, extreme environments, and sustainable fashion.