Aerodynamic characteristics on a full-scale high-speed train bogie with rotating wheelsets

• Full bogie fairing (FBF) yields a more uniform pressure distribution in the bogie region compared to baseline fairing. • Wheelset rotation reduces drag by 6.38% with baseline fairing but increases drag by 3.5% with full fairing. • In FBF configuration, aerodynamic drag originates primarily from wheelsets; rotating rear wheelset increases drag by 18.8%. • The study underscores the necessity of accounting for wheelset rotation in aerodynamic optimization of high-speed train bogies.