Advanced Bismuth-Based Anode Materials for Efficient Potassium Storage: Structural Features, Storage Mechanisms and Modification Strategies

• Bismuth-based materials offer high theoretical capacity and safe operating voltage for potassium-ion battery anodes, but suffer from volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. • The review classifies various bismuth-based materials and discusses their structural features and potassium storage mechanisms. • Modification strategies such as structural design, compositing, and electrolyte optimization are summarized to enhance potassium storage performance. • Current challenges and future research directions for bismuth-based anodes in PIBs are outlined.