Acoustic emission response and rupture evolution analysis of triaxial compression damage of hot dry rock under seawater fatigue dissolution

• Seawater thermal shock cycles significantly increase acoustic emission counts in hot dry rock, with 276% higher counts after 15 cycles compared to 0 cycles. • The b-value stabilizes after 5 seawater thermal shocks, indicating a transition to predominantly small fractures and reduced damage resistance. • Multifractal analysis of AE time series reveals that high-energy AE events dominate, pointing to shear damage as the primary failure mechanism. • The study supports using seawater as a heat transfer fluid in enhanced geothermal systems, conserving freshwater resources and promoting sustainable energy extraction.