Abrasive wear behavior of functionally graded Al3Ti reinforced aluminum matrix composite

• Increasing Al3Ti reinforcement content and matrix hardness significantly improves abrasive wear resistance of functionally graded aluminum matrix composites. • Abrasive particle size and applied load are critical parameters influencing wear behavior, with larger particles and higher loads leading to increased wear loss. • The Taguchi method (L27 orthogonal array) effectively optimizes wear testing, providing reliable results with reduced experimental time. • Functionally graded design mitigates the trade-off between wear resistance and fracture toughness, offering a promising approach for aerospace and automotive applications.