• Developed a novel sediment sampling system for deep-sea mining plume monitoring with 6000 m operational depth and three-month endurance.
• Optimized sampling tube design using rheological tests and coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations to minimize sediment disturbance.
• Identified complete tube plugging at 261 mm penetration depth, informing optimal sampling depth parameters.
• Validated system performance through deep-sea pressure tests and South China Sea field trials, demonstrating high-fidelity time-series sediment collection and preservation.