Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• A battery-free wireless temperature sensing chipset is implemented in 55 nm and 65 nm CMOS processes, enabling continuous monitoring in food production. • A calibrated oscillator-based CMOS temperature sensor replaces ADC-based circuits, achieving high precision with ultra-low power consumption. • The sensor chip harvests power from a remote reader via wireless power transfer, eliminating the need for batteries. • Experimental results demonstrate a temperature measurement error of ±1.6 °C from 25 to 50 °C with battery-free readout.
Abstract
In the applications such as food production, the environmental temperature should be measured continuously during the entire process, which requires an ultra-low-power temperature sensor for long-termly monitoring. Conventional temperature sensors trade the measurement accuracy with power consumption. In this work, we present a battery-free wireless temperature sensing chip for long-termly monitoring during food production. A calibrated oscillator-based CMOS temperature sensor is proposed instead of the ADC-based power-hungry circuits in conventional works. In addition, the sensor chip can harvest the power transferred by a remote reader to eliminate the use of battery. Meanwhile, the system conducts wireless bidirectional communication between the sensor chip and reader. In this way, the temperature sensor can realize both a high precision and battery-free operation. The temperature sensing chip is fabricated in 55 nm CMOS process, and the reader chip is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that the temperature measurement error achieves ±1.6 °C from 25 to 50 °C, with battery-free readout by a remote reader.
1. Introduction
Environmental temperature monitoring during food production helps to ensure food safety and quality[1, 2]. Recently, wireless temperature sensing systems are envisaged to play an important part in monitoring the temperature of food production which is required to be carried out in the sealed containers. For example, the optimal brewing temperature of wine and vinegar is 25 to 30 °C and 30 to 35 °C, respectively[3]. Although embedded temperature sensing chips are widely adopted for precision control in such scenarios, conventional battery-powered temperature sensing chips[4, 5] may encounter challenges such as inconvenient battery replacement and increased costs associated with waterproofing requirements. Therefore, the study and design of battery-free wireless temperature sensing chip has becoming a prevailing trend. For such a battery-free temperature sensing system, the main design challenge is to achieve long-term operation while ensuring high-precision temperature measurement.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) offers a potential way to eliminate the battery, while the temperature sensor should be designed with ultra-low power[6, 7]. For example, Refs. [8, 9] used a battery-free temperature sensor based on WPT to measure temperature. With a remote powering source, the energy harvester can only provide power in a microwatt level[10, 11], so it’s necessary to cut down the power consumption of temperature sensing circuits.
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Jiayi Wang, Haoyang Li, Weixiao Wang, Tianying Fang, Jiaqing Li, Yuxuan Luo, Bo Zhao (2025). A battery-free wireless temperature sensing chipset implemented by 55 and 65 nm CMOS process. SinoTechIntel Verified Research. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/25010028
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main advantage of the proposed temperature sensing chipset?
The chipset is battery-free, harvesting power wirelessly from a remote reader, and achieves high precision with low power consumption, making it suitable for long-term monitoring in food production.
How does the temperature sensor achieve high precision without ADC?
It uses a calibrated oscillator-based CMOS temperature sensor, which reduces power consumption compared to ADC-based designs while maintaining accuracy.
What are the fabrication technologies used for the sensor and reader chips?
The sensor chip is fabricated in 55 nm CMOS process, and the reader chip is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology.
What is the measurement error and temperature range of the sensor?
The temperature measurement error is ±1.6 °C over a range of 25 to 50 °C.
What applications is this temperature sensing chipset designed for?
It is designed for continuous environmental temperature monitoring during food production, such as in sealed containers for brewing wine and vinegar.
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