A 1.25 μW/ch TDM-based analog front-end using a charge-sharing multiplexer for bio-potential recording

• A 20-channel AFE for bio-potential recording achieves 1.25 μW per channel, significantly reducing power consumption. • A charge-sharing multiplexer eliminates active buffers, extending sampling time and lowering system power. • The AFE achieves an input-referred noise of 1.8 μVrms and a noise efficiency factor of 4.1, suitable for high-quality bio-signal acquisition. • Real-world ECG recording demonstrates the AFE's practical applicability in medical devices.